Urethral stricture is defined as abnormal narrowing of the urethra lumen from its average physiologic diameter of 24-26 French (1 Fr unit = 0.33 mm). Due to these strictures, the person experiences difficulty in urination, as the urethra is responsible for carrying urine out of the body. Urethral strictures may be due to injury or a medical procedure (iatrogenic) such as catheter placement in the urethra, benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate surgery, or infections such as sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, AIDS, etc.
Apart from these, hip pain may also be a result of dead bone tissues which is caused by lack of blood supply in the region leading to Avascular Necrosis or Osteonecrosis. Body weight adds to the pain, which can sometimes be very severe.
The knee is an essential joint of your body that undergoes wear and tear due to daily routine activities such as walking, running, exercise, kneeling, etc., that cause burden on your knee joint. Your knee consists of the Tibia (the large bone of the lower leg), Femur (the thigh bone), and Patella (the kneecap that joins lower and upper leg bones).
If you are suffering from diabetes, then you are more likely to have any of the related complaints such as high B.P, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. Diabetes causes damage to blood vessels in the eye (retinopathy), nerves (neuropathy), and kidneys (nephropathy). Diabetic nerve damage causes degeneration of joints, bones, and soft tissue which in turn causes joint pain
Bones make up your skeleton and protect your internal organs. Childhood and young adulthood are bone-building years where they constantly grow and strengthen. Old bones are resorbed, and new bones are formed through bone remodeling process.
Joint pains may sometimes be due to trauma or most frequently due to joint degeneration (such as in Osteoarthritis that affects cartilage degradation and hence the bone joints) or due to autoimmunity in joints (such as in rheumatoid arthritis occurring due to the body’s own immune system bringing degenerative changes in joints).
Consider one simple feature of a healthy body. It heals any minor cuts on it without any external help. This is because the human body has the gift of self-healing. But sometimes, we don't give our body enough time to heal on its own or don't try to locate the actual cause of pain.
Post pandemic our country is now fighting an epidemic of AVN cases. Recently, doctors have noticed a significant increase in cases of hip joint pain, especially in patients who suffered from Covid19. The patient complained about persistent pain in the hip joint which was later accompanied by trouble walking and performing daily activities. In some cases, the situation got worsened as patients had troubled sleep due to intense pain. On diagnosis, it was found that these patients were suffering from Avascular Necrosis or AVN
The disease landscape has shifted majorly over the past few decades. Drugs have exterminated most of the infectious life-threatening diseases of the past. However, today our lifestyle choices have given rise to several non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Tobacco smoking is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. It has caused approximately 8 million deaths every year. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 1.3 billion people around the globe have a habit of smoking regularly. In India alone, there are approximately 12 crore tobacco users- making it the second-largest country with tobacco use in the world after China.
Hip joint surgery is suggested when a person is suffering from chronic hip pain or the hip has reached the end-stage of AVN. It is the most common treatment for avascular necrosis
